History Forum TZ | Notes, Exam Prep & Global Insights

  African Nationalism   African nationalism means the struggle or the fight by African people to become free from colonial rule and achieve self-rule or independence during the 1960s. This struggle started before the Second World War and became strong and more evident after the Second World War in 1945. Now, the global situation of 1945 was the Second World War. It's called a global situation because it affected, touched, and changed every sector in the world, varying from economic, social, and political spheres. Therefore, here you are required to show the: Factors/reasons/causes of African mass nationalism that are related to or drew their origin from the Second World War: 1. The return of ex-soldiers/war veterans from the Second World War like Dedan Kimathi and Waruhiu Itote (General China) in Kenya. Ex-soldiers means former or retired soldiers. These were people who fought in the WWII to support their colonial masters. For example, Kenyans fought the war in support of Brit...

Disclaimer:   This image is AI-generated for illustrative purposes and does not depict real people or events directly. Is Ujamaa Still Relevant Today?  What Was Ujamaa? Ujamaa was introduced by Mwalimu Julius Nyerere in the 1960s, as a Tanzanian model of African socialism. It was about building a society based on unity, equality, self-reliance, and respect for human dignity, values that are strongly attached to African traditions. The Arusha Declaration of 1967 laid the foundation for this ideology. It called for: 1. Socialism and Equality. The declaration promoted equality among all citizens regardless of tribe, religion, or wealth. It rejected exploitation and emphasized that the means of production should benefit every citizen. 2. Self-Reliance. Tanzanians were encouraged to depend on their own resources and not foreign aid or loans. Everyone was encouraged to work hard, contribute to community and national development, and avoid laziness. 3. Public Ownership. Major se...

Disclaimer:   This image is AI-generated for illustrative purposes and does not depict real people or events directly. Introduction. Passing History exams can be difficult, but with the right approach, any student can succeed. Whether you’re preparing for school tests or national exams, strategy matters more than memorizing facts. Below are 7 practical, proven tips to help you study smarter, write better, and score top marks in History exams. 1. Practice with Past Papers Regularly. Practicing past papers helps you understand question patterns, improve time management, and reduce exam anxiety. Try to complete full papers under timed conditions to simulate the real exam. Mark your answers honestly and learn from mistakes. Consistency Tip: Do at least 2 past papers every week during revision season. 2. Master the Essay Structure. History essays need a clear structure. Here's a proven format: Example Question; How did the Ngoni migrations disrupt the economic, social, and politica...

Disclaimer:   This image is AI-generated for illustrative purposes and does not depict real people or events directly Early Life: A Girl with Big Dreams Bibi Titi Mohammed was born in June 1926 in Dar es Salaam, during a time when girls were rarely sent to school. Her father, a traditional Matumbi Muslim, believed that education would lead her away from her faith. But after he passed away, her mother made a life-changing decision, she enrolled young Titi in school. That choice gave Bibi Titi the foundation to dream big, fight for women’s rights, and play a key role in Tanzania’s independence. Marriage and Motherhood At just 14 years old, Bibi Titi was married to a much older man. The marriage didn't last long, ending shortly after the birth of her daughter, Halima. As a mother, she was determined that her daughter would finish school before thinking of marriage, something she herself never got the chance to do. Later, she remarried twice, but both marriages ended in divorce. H...

  Disclaimer:   This image is AI-generated for illustrative purposes and does not depict real people or events directly Some people have tried to bring the dead back into the world of the living by fascinating ways. These people, were  were not magicians or spiritual healers but scientists. Athough their experiments were controversial, they helped to shape lots of things from heart surgery to our modern understanding of what it means by "death." Below are three true stories on early attempts of resurrection in the field of science. 1. Giovanni Aldini: The Showman of the Dead. In 1803, a crowd gathered outside Newgate Prison in London to witness a miracle. A dead man was being brought back to life. The person to be ressurrected was George Forster, a recently executed murderer. The scientist was Giovanni Aldini, the man who had discovered "animal electricity." Aldini believed that if electricity could make a frog’s legs twitch, it could also revive the dead. He conne...

Disclaimer:   This image is AI-generated for illustrative purposes and does not depict real people or events directly A human zoo was a type of public exhibition in which people, usually from colonized, indigenous, or non-Western societies, were displayed in a manner similar to animals in a zoo.  These exhibitions were popular in Europe, the United States, and other parts of the Western world from the 19th to early 20th centuries. The following are the stories of some individuals and groups who were subjected to these exhibitions; 1. Saartjie Baartman (1789-1815) Saartjie Baartman was a Khoikhoi woman from South Africa. She wa widely known as the "Hottentot Venus." She was taken to England and later to France, where she was exhibited as a curiosity because of her body’s physical features, especially her large buttocks. Sara Baartman was born in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. After the death of her fiancé and child, she moved to Cape Town, where she worked as a servant....

Disclaimer:   This image is AI-generated for illustrative purposes and does not depict real people or events directly. Some societies have been painfully eradicated from the world by human activities and actions or natural causes like disease. The decline of these communities sometimes marked the total end of cultures, civilizations and heritage. But in some instances, few of them had once survived before everything ended. The following are some of the last survivors of the lost communities; 1. Ishi – The Last of the Yahi (1861 - 1916) The Yahi tribe was about to go extinct during the California Gold Rush when Settlers, miners, and millitary groups conducted violent raids on Indigenous groups in the 19th century.  Ishi and a few remaining family members hid in the mountains for about 44 years, avoiding all contact with outsiders. In 1911, after living in isolation, Ishi moved out of the forest near Oroville, California. He appeared alone and weakened by starvation. Anthro...

Disclaimer:  This image is AI-generated for illustrative purposes and does not depict real people or events directly. In 2018, the world of science  and the  public  was suprised by  unknown Chinese scientist named He Jiankui, who announced that he had created the world’s first genetically edited babies.  The twin girls, known by the pseudonyms(not their real names) Lulu and Nana, were reportedly born with altered DNA intended to make them resistant to HIV.  He Jiankui (pronounced "Huh Jee-ahn-kway") was born in 1984 in a rural village in Hunan Province, China.  He earned his Ph.D. in biophysics from Rice University in the United States and later conducted postdoctoral work at Stanford University, where he became familiar with CRISPR, a powerful gene-editing technology. When he returned to China, He had an ambition, to be at the biotechnology. He set up a lab at the Southern University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen and began conducting res...

African land is blessed with abundance of  natural wealth like, gold, diamonds, oil, cobalt, copper, and rare earth minerals. But the continent that holds the world’s richest resources has most of the poorest people. This has been caused by hurtful mineral treaties and contracts, signed during or after colonial rule, that  benefit foreign companies, mostly from Europe, North America, and, more recently, China.  These agreements  in most cases confine African countries into unfair revenue-sharing, limited sovereignty, and environmental degradation.  So why can’t these nations break these contracts and use their own resources as they wish? 1. Binding Contracts and Investor Lawsuits. Most of these mineral treaties are long-term contracts, about 25 to 99 years, and include Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) clauses.  That means if a country tries to change the terms, the company can sue in international courts. These courts are mostly based in London or W...

The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is known for frequent conflicts. Its eastern provinces, especially North Kivu, have experienced frequent wars, displacement, and humanitarian crises. Since the colonial period to CNDP to M23 Congo is still struggling to create a peceful world for its people. The CNDP: Seeds of a Rebellion (2006–2009) The National Congress for the Defense of the People (CNDP) was created in 2006. In the eruption of the Second Congo War, the conflict was reffered to as the " Africa’s World War " because of the involvement of many African nations and militias.  The peace agreement was signed in 2003, but the eastern Congo still remained in conflicts, still disturbed by ethnic misunderstandings, foreign interventions, and the presence of various armed groups. The CNDP was under the leadership of Laurent Nkunda, who was a former general in the Congolese army and a Congolese Tutsi.  The group claimed to be defending the Tutsi population in North Kivu from ...