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Draw a sketch map of East African and on it show the famous historical sites. Show the importance of historical sites.

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HISTORICAL SITES: Are special places where by the past human remains can be found and shown to the public.  It is a place where the remains of once lived human in the past can be found. They comprise mans physical development, tools that were made and used from time to time. In these areas we find /see past human products and animal bones. Examples of historical sites in Tanzania include Isimila, Olduvai George, Kondoa Irangi, Bagamoyo, Zanzibar, Kilwa, Mafia, Engaruka and Kagera to mention few. In Uganda Nsongezi, Biggo, Ntubi, Rusinga Island, Magosi and Ishago. In Kenya. Lake Rudolf (Turkana), Lake Naivasha, Njoro, Olongesailie, Lake Magadi, Lamu, Mombasa and mt. Kenya. Importance of historical sites. Provides employment opportunities for instance porters and tour guides. Stimulates development of transport and communication like roads and telecommunications. Provides education or knowledge about past events. Brings foreign currency. Stimulates expansion of social serv...
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Show the Illegitimacy of the so called 'Legitimate trade'.

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Photo by  Dave Colman  from  Pexels Legitimate trade was a commercial relation between Europeans and Africans soon after the abolition of slave trade during the 19th century. This trade was called legitimate i.e 'legit/legal' which means it replaced illegal 'Illegitimate' trade which was SLAVE TRADE. The items involved were non human; that is raw materials from West Africa like peanut, Cocoa Ivory and Palm Oil which were exchanged with manufactured goods from Europe like Guns, clothes, drinks and mirror to mention few. The so called legitimate/legal trade on the other hand proved to be illegal through the following considerations; 1. The trade based on unequal exchange. The value of the comodities exchanged was unfair making the trade illegitimate. For example Gold was exchanged with axe or mirror. 2. The Europeans fixed the price for the items involved in the trade when money was used as a medium of exchange. For the trade to be legal there must be m...
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Show the pattern of the colonial infrastructure and explain why the transport systems ran perpendicular from the interior to the coast.

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     Photo credit to original owner After the African continent had been totally colonized by European powers, They established various socio-economic infrastructures like industries, mines, roads, railways, ports and habours as well as  telegraphs. Distribution pattern of colonial transport infrastructures; When you are asked to show ' pattern', you are supposed to show where specifically these infrastructures were built and its direction.  The colonial housing, water service, hospitals, schools and electricity infrastructures were built/constructed near the Plantations to the mines and Urban centres to facilitate smooth production and comfortable accomodation for officials and labourers. The colonial transport and communication such as roads, railways and telegraphs started from the coast (ports/harbours) and directed towards the plantations and mining centres in the interior parts.  Roads, railways and telegraphs ran from the coast(harbours/ports) to the...
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COLONIAL SOCIAL SERVICES

TOPIC FOUR COLONIAL SOCIAL SERVICES Colonial social services refer to the services that were provided in Africa by colonialists purposely to accelerate colonial exploitation and improve the welfare of colonial civil servants during colonial period. Such services included public health, education, water, electricity and housing. AIMS OF COLONIAL SOCIAL SERVICES   1.  To enable extensive exploitation of Africa's wealth. 2.  It also aimed at supporting those few Europeans who happened to be in Africa. 3.  It also aimed at preparing few Africans to assist colonial administration. FACTORS THAT DETERMINED THE DISTRIBUTION/ PATTERN OF COLONIAL SOCIAL SERVICES . 1. Presence of settlers in the colony led to the establishment of some social services so as to meet for the white settlers interest. Example, school and medical facilities were introduced in such area. 2.  Due to the existence of production. This means that some developments of social s...
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ESTABLISHMENT OF COLONIALISM

TOPIC ONE  ESTABLISHMENT OF COLONIALISM IN AFRICA .   Colonialism can be defined as a situation whereby one powerful country dominates less powerful country in all spheres of life; economically, socially and politically with the aim of exploiting its resources.  By the second half of the 19th century, the imperialist powers from Europe established colonialism in Africa in order to meet their capitalist demands such as raw materials for their industries in Europe, new areas of investment where they could invest their capital, market areas for their manufactured merchandise (goods), cheap labor and areas to settle the surplus population which was increasing at a sharp pace especially soon after the industrial and demographic revolutions in Europe from the 1750s  STAGES OF COLONIZATION The colonization of Africa was not an overnight process, rather a slow process that was well organized. The process of colonialism was fundamentally of three (3) main st...
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AFRICA AND EXTERNAL WORLD

  TOPIC 3: AFRICA AND EXTERNAL WORLD EARLY CONTACTS WITH MIDDLE EAST AND FAR EAST Early contact was a period when East Africa began to interact with people from Middle East and Far East as early as 200 BC.   These contacts were mostly developed through commercial activities. The early visitors were Persians, Syrians, Indians, Chinese, Lebanese, Burma and Arabians. The visitors managed to travel to the coast of East Africa through the use of Sea Vessels with the help of monsoon winds.  Trade contacts between East African coast and the Far and Middle East intensified between 8th and 10th Century when many traders from China, Indonesia, India, and Arab came to trade to African countries. Evidences of existence of the trade 1.  Archaeological findings such as China porcelains, coins, and foreigners tombs in areas like KilwaKisiwani and Old Bagamoyo. 2. Written documents; example the greek guide book to the Indian Ocean ( The Periplus of the Eryt...
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The First World War was imperialistic war. Discuss.

The First World War was imperialistic war. Discuss. The WWI was an imperialistic fighting from 1914 to 1918. The imperialistic nations like Britain, France and Russia formed triple entente to fight triple alliance which was comprised of Germany, Italy and Austria Hungary. USA joined the war in 1917 to rescue the triple entente after Germany had sunk her ships carrying food and weapons to triple Entente. The war ended with the defeat of triple alliance. On the other hand imperialism is the highest stage of capitalism in Europe which was characterized by expansionism to other weak nations for extending power, maximizing/making super profit and colonizing weak countries. This means that imperialism was a stage in which the capitalist countries entered into clash over territories. This is manifested through the following reasons which resulted into the occurrence of the WWI.  N:B, Not all the causes of the WWI were imperialistic. Therefore below explained points are more imperialis...
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The current african underdevelopment is a historical phenomenon. Justify.

The term 'underdevelopment' doesn't mean the absence of developent but  a comparative term to compare the level of development between African, Asian and Latin American countries to developed countries like Britain, U.S.A, France and China. The developed countries are characterized by heavy industries, high technology, high production, good living standards and high per capital income. The underdeveloped countries lag behind the developed countries in terms of industries, rate of production, life expectancy and living standards. Therefore the African current underdevelopent should be traced as far back as from the 15th century.  The following is a historical account on the African underdevelopent; 1. The unequal trade relation between Africa and Asia from the 8th century to 15th century A D.  During this trade the commodities exchanged between these two sides had no equal value; For Instance; From Africa Asians obtained gold from Mwanemutapa, copper from Katanga-...
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Colonialism and Imperialism are the two sides of the same coin. Justify.

Colonialism is the situation whereby one powerful nation dominates and controls the other weaker nation politically, socially and economically and establishes exploitative structures.  Imperialism/monopoly capitalism,  was the highest stage of capitalism in Europe which was characterized by expansionism to other weak nations for extending power and maximizing/making super profit.  In most cases, imperialism is what give birth to colonialism. Colonialism and imperialism seem slightly different but they have same impact.  Imperialism involves conquering weak state and make it a part of the strong Nation, hence becoming one big country; example Hitler's expansion to poland. While colonialism involves Strong Nation conquering a weak state separate from it,(the strong Nation) and make it a colony example the British colonization of Asian and African countries. Therefore from the question, Imperialism and colonialism seems like head and tail on the two si...
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mwanemutapa kingdom. "Master of conquered lands"

Mwanemutapa kingdom was formed during the 14th and 16th centuries by the karanga people of the mashona land. The leader of the kingdom was known as  Mutota.  Mutota grew powerful and conquered Tawara and Tonga of the Zambezi valley something that gave him the tittle;  Mwanemutapa which means " Master of the conquered lands".    Reasons for Mutota's expansion 1. The need to control gold and trade routes with East African coast. 2. The need for vast land for his people to farm and graze livestock. 3. Status. Mutota wanted to be recognized as a great leader who ruled many chiefs and their people. Mutota died in 1450 and his son matope succeeded him. Matope managed to extend the kingdom from Zambezi to Limpopo and Kalahari to the Indian Ocean.  After his his death in 1480, there were succession conflicts till 1490, when Changamire ascended to the throne, who led to the division of the kingdom. The kingdom was torn into two; 1. The mwanemutapa . This included th...
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